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The governance of the Olympic system : from one to many stakeholders / Jean-Loup Chappelet
This paper describes how the number of stakeholders involved in staging the modern Olympic Games has grown and how this growth affects the resulting (Olympic) system's governance. Relationships between stakeholders in the current Olympic system are now so varied and complex that purely hierarchical (led by the International Olympic Committee or by States) or market-based approaches to its governance are unsuitable. A possible alternative would be a collaborative form of governance that takes into account actors whose salience has increased greatly in recent years— elite athletes, civic groups, national courts of justice, as well as local, regional, and national governments.